Kalaripayattu
Kalaripayattu, the vibrant traditional martial art of Kerala, has been a part of the history and culture of Kerala from time immemorial. Kalaripayattu’s origin in Kerala is traced back to the mythological incident of the 6th avatar of Vishnu, Parashurama. Parashurama created the land now called Kerala by throwing his axe into the heaving sea; the water receded and the land of Kerala emerged. In order to protect the land and its people, He is said to have introduced this unique form of martial training. According to ‘Keralotpatti’, the traditional chronicle of Kerala, Parashurama initiated 108 Kalaris and donated swords to 36,000 Brahmins. Puranas says that basically Kalaripayattu was established as a strict social order. The place of martial art training is known as ‘Kalari’ and the practice of this martial art is ‘Payattu’. The Kalari traditionally serves the functions of both a training centre and a temple. Kalaripayattu originates not in aggression but in the disciplining of the self. Therefore the training begins with disciplining the physical body and attaining a mental balance. This is crucial for any person and not necessarily a martial aspirant. This first stage of training consists of physical exercises to develop strength, flexibility, balance and stamina.It includes jumps, low stances on the floor, circular sequences, kicks etc. An attempt is made to understand and master each separate organ of the body. These exercises bring an alertness to the mind, and this alertness helps one understand some of the movements and processes of the self defence sequences that are taught at later stages.
Kolthari
This is the second level of training wherein the wooden weapons are introduced. One may wonder, in this age of fast growing technology do such practices help? The purpose of weapons training is to remove fear – training allows one to “see”, and not run away. It is believed that all forms of fear can be reduced to two basic types – visual and aural. The correct weapon training helps to develop dristi sthirata – seeing clearly with stability – which prevents the mind from panicking, thus allowing one to calmly assess the situation and take appropriate action. The weapon wielding techniques may not be applied directly but it plays a major role in building confidence, alertness and balance of the body. An alert person is free from stress and anxiety.
Angathari
If the student masters the first two stages of training, one need not continue the learning of the art as the first two stages moulds the personality and enables one to face situations in life better. The first two stages in that point of view becomes a necessity to all. Further training is provided to those students who aspire to learn the martial aspect. Here the metal weapon training is introduced.
Verumkai
The bare-hand techniques of locking, gripping, throwing and further blocking, striking and kicking techniques are taught. This part of the study includes knowing the vital points or nerve centre striking. This is said to be the advanced stage and a Kalari Gurukkal (the title given to the Preceptor of Kalaripayattu of the Martial traditional order will impart this knowledge only to those students who are highly disciplined not only in Kalari but also in their daily life. The student also learns the Marma Chikilsa as part of Kalari’s advanced study. It is a method of treatment to cure the defects affected on the marmas (vital points) of the human body. A Kalari Gurukkal can detect the damaged marmas that could be the result of some injury in the past. Damages to marmas lead to illness, chronic conditions or emotional insecurity for which the Gurukkal has the treatment.